Technical Networking Army

  Insight: IPTV over MPLS backbone using MVPN (Multicast VPN) is a key solution for service providers to deliver high quality, scalable multicast content – live TV, video on demand, streaming media – to a geographically dispersed subscriber base. In this architecture, each IPTV customer is put into a dedicated VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding instance), so traffic is isolated and multi-tenant. The IPTV multicast streams, typically sourced from a central headend, are sent via multicast groups (e.g. 239.1.1.1 for Aaj Tak, 239.1.1.2 for Star Sports) using PIM-SM (Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode) within the customer’s VPN. These multicast routes are then signaled across the MPLS core using BGP with the MCAST-VPN SAFI (Subsequent Address Family Identifier 129) feature of Next-Generation MVPN (NG-MVPN). On the transport side, the multicast traffic is encapsulated and transported across the MPLS backbone using mLDP (Multipoint LDP) or RSVP-TE to form a P2MP (Point-to-M...

  VPN: - -            It is called virtual private network. -          It provides establishment of secure private network between 2 end points. In MPLS network basically L2VPN & L3VPN services are used as per routing exchange information between CE & PE routers. L2 VPN: 1.       There is no routing interaction occurs between CE & PE routers. 2.      Epipe , VPWS, VPLS is examples of L2VPN service. Scenario-: company “Purl pay” headquarter at New York location and their multiple branches at Chicago, New Jersey and Houston locations then company wants point-to-point connections between HQ and all sub-branches then VPLS service is used.   & in other case if company wants to communicate only between New York HQ to New Jersey branch office : EPIPE , VPWS, F PIPE , A PIPE type point-to-point service can be configured depending on techn...

  Objective := Fast switching of packet. Load-balancing traffic. Segregation of traffic is possible customer wise in MPLS. MPLS as a 2.5 layer protocol :       MPLS works on VPN type technology.     It works on layer 2.5 OSI model.   0       MPLS header added and inserted between layer 2 (Data link layer) and layer 3 (Network layer) It   is also known as “shim” Protocol. Label : 20 bits label value is used and it takes any values from 0 to 1048575. Experimental : 3 bits used for experimental and it generally used for Qos Service. QoS Policy :- Stack :  I t’s 1 bit long . Either 0 or 1. TTL :  It’s size 8 bit long. It generally defined as how packet reach from source to destination. its value is decreased by one at each hop to prevent packet to get stuck in  network. RTT (Round trip time)  = RTL (Time require to reach packet from source to destination) + RTA  (Time require to reach packe...