Technical Networking Army

  MPLS  technology: - n   MPLS is working on “Push—Swap—POP” methodology. n   PUSH : iLER--- (ingress Label Edge router) – add Label at the edge of router. it is done by PE router. n   SWAP : Label swapping – Label is swapped between P routers. LSP (Label Switched Path) is used to forward packet from Source to destination.   Labels are Swapped between these P routers and built between border PE routers. n   POP : eLER--- (Egress Label Edge router) – it is used to remove label.   But sometimes label removal process is done before the edge of last PE router, last P router which is called as PHP (Penultimate HOP Popping). M PLS Label  Mechanism: - -           Basically, two labels are used in  MPLS.   1.       Transport label 2.       Service label   1.       Transport Label:-   ...

 Scenario : A city Bank network administrator has taken connectivity between 2 ISP : Vodafone and Jio. /24 pool has been occupied for the same at both ends. An enterprise customer allows prefix /28 at Vodafone ISP end but suddenly customer end BGP session is stuck in idle state even though link is up.   Kindly check possible solutions for it. LOG :   Troubleshooting:  1.         BGP is a path vector protocol and used port no 179 for TCP three-way handshaking process. 2.        First of all we should check physical media, port status and H/w  details: n    Port is flapped or not à show port status n Link status: by IGP protocol configuration & adjacency status,  we can confirm  it. 3.        When we try to ping far end IP it should result without RTO (Ping drop) for multiple no. of packets echo response at periodic interval -à i...

  Objective := Fast switching of packet. Load-balancing traffic. Segregation of traffic is possible customer wise in MPLS. MPLS as a 2.5 layer protocol :       MPLS works on VPN type technology.     It works on layer 2.5 OSI model.   0       MPLS header added and inserted between layer 2 (Data link layer) and layer 3 (Network layer) It   is also known as “shim” Protocol. Label : 20 bits label value is used and it takes any values from 0 to 1048575. Experimental : 3 bits used for experimental and it generally used for Qos Service. QoS Policy :- Stack :  I t’s 1 bit long . Either 0 or 1. TTL :  It’s size 8 bit long. It generally defined as how packet reach from source to destination. its value is decreased by one at each hop to prevent packet to get stuck in  network. RTT (Round trip time)  = RTL (Time require to reach packet from source to destination) + RTA  (Time require to reach packe...