Traffic engineering: An attractive feature of MPLS

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MPLS technology: -

n  MPLS is working on “Push—Swap—POP” methodology.

n  PUSH : iLER--- (ingress Label Edge router) – add Label at the edge of router. it is done by PE router.

n  SWAP : Label swapping – Label is swapped between P routers. LSP (Label Switched Path) is used to forward packet from Source to destination.
 
Labels are Swapped between these P routers and built between border PE routers.

n  POP : eLER--- (Egress Label Edge router) – it is used to remove label.

 

But sometimes label removal process is done before the edge of last PE router, last P router which is called as PHP (Penultimate HOP Popping).


MPLS Label Mechanism: -

-        Basically, two labels are used in MPLS.

 

1.      Transport label

2.      Service label

 

1.      Transport Label:-  

 

-        It is used for transportation in service provider MPLS network. It swapped at each LSR.

-        It is main MPLS label in network.

 

2.      Service Label:-

-         It is used to determine different VPN services, normally they pushed and popped at LER.

-        It remains unchanged during transportation of one LER to another LER.

-        It stays during SWAP process.

-        At Egress LER it is popped out. 


Note: - RSVP- TE, LDP, MP-BGP is also used for traffic engineering in MPLS.




Service: How data forwards packet and delivered data as per customer requirement wise is called service.



n  Epipe : Ethernet Pseudowire type configuration require.: There is no Mac entry in Mac table. It is used for point-to-point communication purpose. 

n  Fpipe : Frame relay technology is used.

n  Apipe : ATM technology is used.

VPLS: (Virtual Private label Switch): There is FDB entry in ARP table. It is used for point-to-multipoint communication purpose. 

Basic Service Component:           

 

1.      SAP (Service Access Point) 

-Logical interface towards subscriber end.

 

n To create logical interface RSVP, IGP (isis/OSPF), LDP, Port and MPLS configuration require.

n SAP is linked to transport tunnels using SDPs.

n It is abstracted from the transport network.

 

2.      SDP (Service Distribution Point)

 

n  Unidirectional SDP require to communicate far-end routers.

n  Spoke-SDP is like traditional bridge “Port” where flooded traffic received on all other ports and not transmitted on the port it was received.




-        SDP is working on VC-label.

-        1 SDP can binds maximum 16 no. of LSP (Label Switched Path)

-        1 LSP can binds maximum 8 no. of alternative paths which is not in SRLG.

 

1.      LSP (Label Switched Path)

 

-        It is a sequence of LSRs that switch a labeled packet through an MPLS network or part of an MPLS network.

-        It is the path through the packets traverse.

2.      Path

 

-        It defines how packet travels from source to destination via different adjacent hop-by-hop.

-        Directly connected hop is configured in strict mode.

-        Explicit hop is configured as a hopeless.

-        Indirectly hop is configured in loose mode.

-        If no. of hop is more from source to destination, then latency is increased.

-        During Path configuration, SRLG is also considered.











 










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